The main indicator (SDG 7.3.1 indicator) used in this report to track the efficiency target is the energy intensity of the economy, computed as ratio between total energy supply (in MJ) and gross domestic product (GDP), measured at purchasing power parity at constant 2021 US dollars.

Energy intensity is an imperfect proxy for energy efficiency. It can be affected by a number of factors, such as climate, structure of the economy, nature of economic activities, etc. - which are not necessarily linked to pure efficiency improvements.

The energy data are derived from the International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Balances (https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics); and from the United Nations Energy Statistics Database (http://data.un.org/Explorer.aspx?d=EDATA). GDP data are primarily sourced from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Economic Outlook database, complemented with data from the World Bank World Development Indicators and the CEPII CHELEM databases.

The main indicator (SDG 7.2.1 indicator) used in this report to track the renewables energy target is the share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption (TFEC) and is expressed as a percentage (%REN_TFEC).

Main indicator: Share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption (in percentage)

This share is calculated as the ratio of final energy consumption from renewables after allocation of electricity and heat (AFEC_REN) to TFEC, calculated from the flows in the energy balances.

The data are derived from the International Energy Agency (IEA) World energy balances, with additional information at https://www.iea.org/reports/sdg7-data-and-projections; and from the United Nations Energy Statistics Database (http://data.un.org/Explorer.aspx?d=EDATA); both providing a breakdown of national energy flows by products over time.